Entheogens and humans share a history that spans time immemorial, with psychedelic mushrooms being a prominent example. Mesoamericans have long heralded these fungi for their healing properties and ability to expand consciousness. Many rituals featured them, and the Aztecs referred to them as teonanácatl, meaning ‘flesh of the Gods.’
Other areas also used varieties like Amanita Muscaria for similar purposes. This fungus is an integral part of Eastern Europe and Siberia’s shamanic traditions. Experts have found links between these incredible mushrooms and the sacred soma drink mentioned in the Hindu text, Rig Veda.
Beyond these well-known fungi, many others share similar properties and compounds. The following comprehensive guide provides details:
Common Mushrooms that make the brain go What?!
A gentle reminder: many types of fungi exist, each with different effects and compounds. Therefore, one should take the utmost care and consideration when picking fungi for consumption. Please err on the side of caution and always seek expert advice. Mistakes can be fatal and should always be considered.
Gathering and preparing fungi remain illegal in most parts of the world. Therefore, this article serves purely for educational purposes. Mushly does not recommend harvesting wild fungi.
However, studying these naturally occurring compounds is an inspiring field. Researchers have identified more than 200 species of fungi with psychedelic effects. The Psilocybe genus is the most widely known and researched. Other top contenders include P. Cubensis, P. Semilanceata, and P. Baeocystis, discussed below.
Fungi contain various active compounds that lead to hallucinogenic effects, such as psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin, all indole alkaloids.
Research primarily focuses on psilocybin, which continues to gain recognition for its beneficial effects on depression, anxiety, addiction, and other conditions.
The body processes psilocybin through dephosphorylation, converting it to psilocin. Psilocin then binds to serotonin receptors, producing its unique effects.
In 1957, Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann first isolated psilocybin from P. Mexicana mushrooms. Hofmann noted that psilocybin’s structure is similar to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which he had synthesized from a separate psychedelic fungus, Claviceps, several years earlier.
Psilocybin and LSD produce similar effects, though they differ greatly in potency. Both can amplify one’s mood and senses, cause visual distortions, and alter regular thinking patterns.
Psilocybe Cubensis
Psilocybe Cubensis mushrooms are among the most common and widely known psychedelic fungi. People often think of them when they hear “magic mushrooms.” These fungi grow naturally worldwide and have a strong association with cows and cattle, often appearing in their dung, especially after a lightning storm. These mushrooms are also among the simplest to grow indoors.
Young Psilocybe Cubensis mushrooms feature reddish-brown caps that eventually stretch and lighten into golden caps. They ultimately develop purple to black gills, starting pale and grayish. They tend to have a spore print ranging from brown to dark purple.
A notable feature of these mushrooms is that their flesh may bruise blue when handled, a common characteristic among Psilocybe species.
Psilocybe Semilanceata
Also known as liberty caps, Psilocybe Semilanceata mushrooms typically grow in open grasslands like meadows, parks, and lawns across North America and Europe.
P. Semilanceata caps are cream to whitish-gray and bell-shaped, with a nipple-like protrusion (umbo) at the top. The gills start light and cream-colored but darken as they age and release purple-brown spores. These mushrooms grow on long, slender stalks.
Psilocybe Baeocystis
This variety, known by names such as bottle caps, olive caps, bluebells, and knobby tops, is less common than its cousins P. Cubensis and P. Semilanceata. However, it also grows on the East Coast of the United States.
These fungi have dark olive to buff-brown caps, which may sometimes appear metallic blue. They change significantly as they age and when damaged, turning blue to a greenish-blue. Their gills are grayish to light brown and produce a dark purplish-brown spore print.
Even more Magic Mushrooms
In addition to these Psilocybe species, other fungi also contain psilocybin, including:
- Agrocybe
- Conocybe
- Coplandia
- Gymnopilus
- Hypholoma
- Inocybe
- Panaeolus
- Pluteus
- Psathyrella
- Stropharia
It’s essential to note that not all mushrooms in these genera are hallucinogenic. Many contain such low levels of psychedelic compounds that one is more likely to get sick than have an enjoyable experience.
Many of these fungi are also challenging to identify, potentially being confused with dangerous species. For example, the laughing gyms, Gymn opilus junonius, are quite common. They have yellow caps, appear large, and grow in clusters on tree stumps and logs, resembling the deadly Galerina species with similar rusty-colored spore prints.
Amanita Muscaria
The fly agaric mushroom, most commonly known as Amanita Muscaria, is easily recognizable with its red and white spotted cap. This fungus, rich in mythology, is a crucial part of Eastern European shamanic traditions.
Amanita Muscaria differs significantly from other psychedelic mushrooms as it contains ibotenic acid and muscimol instead of psilocybin. These compounds primarily affect the central nervous system.
Ibotenic acid acts similarly to the neurotransmitter glutamate, causing hallucinations but also potentially leading to seizures and severe agitation. Experienced users often dry their Amanita Muscaria thoroughly to convert ibotenic acid into muscimol through decarboxylation.
Muscimol mimics the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), producing a sedative effect similar to being drunk. It may also help with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease due to its neuroprotective properties.
Although easy to identify, some Amanita relatives are among the most deadly fungi. For example, Amanita phalloides, known as death caps, contain high levels of amatoxins. These toxins cause severe gastrointestinal distress and can lead to liver failure, resulting in a high mortality rate.
Read The Magic Mushroom Christmas Theory
The Magical Summary of these Mushrooms
Some species of fungi are well-known, while others remain mostly unheard of. Many more species of magic mushrooms exist beyond the commonly recognized ones.
The most common species, Psilocybe, are also the most hallucinogenic due to their high psilocybin concentrations. Other magical fungi are less favored due to their low levels of psychoactive compounds and the difficulty of proper identification.
Amanita Muscaria is easier to identify, but its unique makeup and effects make it less desirable. Proper preparation is vital, and accurate identification is crucial to avoid a death cap experience.
Given these challenges, it’s recommended to stick to magic mushrooms that professionals safely harvest and prepare. Always consume them in safe and supportive settings where it is legal to do so. Prepare yourself to positively consolidate the experience.
Conclusion
The world of psychedelic fungi offers a rich tapestry of history, culture, and scientific exploration. From the widely known Psilocybe Cubensis to the distinctive Amanita Muscaria, these mushrooms have long been valued for their ability to heal and expand consciousness. As research continues to uncover the therapeutic potential of psilocybin, the benefits for mental health and well-being become increasingly apparent. However, always approach these substances with respect, ensure proper identification, and be aware of legal considerations. Safety, expert guidance, and supportive environments are paramount for a beneficial experience.
FAQs
1. What are psychedelic mushrooms? Psychedelic mushrooms are fungi containing psychoactive compounds like psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin, which induce hallucinogenic effects and alter perception, mood, and cognition.
2. How do psychedelic mushrooms work in the body? Psychedelic mushrooms work by converting psilocybin to psilocin, which binds to serotonin receptors in the brain, leading to altered sensory experiences and cognitive changes.
3. Are psychedelic mushrooms safe to consume? While psychedelic mushrooms can offer therapeutic benefits, they should be used with caution. Proper identification, dosage, and a safe environment are essential to minimize risks. Always consult experts and adhere to legal guidelines.
4. What are the potential benefits of psilocybin? Psilocybin has shown promise in treating depression, anxiety, PTSD, addiction, and other mental health conditions. Research is ongoing to fully understand its therapeutic potential.
5. Is it legal to use psychedelic mushrooms? The legality of psychedelic mushrooms varies by location. In many places, they remain illegal. It’s important to be aware of local laws and regulations before considering their use.
Disclaimer
This article is written purely for educational reasons. Mushly in no way suggests the use, sale, or ownership of any illicit substances. Furthermore, take the time to be aware of the legislature and what that means for you, as decided by the governing body of the country and city you live in.
